Systematic Zoology & Zoogeography Name__________________
1. The African Cheetah is very distinctive among the cat family in that unlike other members of the Felidae it has nonretractile claws, long limbs, and spends considerable time watching for prey. It was considered so distinctive that it was placed in its own genus Acinonyx. Derive a cladogram for the felid genera Panthera and Acinonyx from the character matrix below. Note that some characters may show homoplasy (i.e., convergence/parallelism or reversal). Be sure and utilize homoplasious characters on your "tree' and indicate which ones you consider to be homoplasious by circling them. Based on your resultant 'ttree" is a separate genus Acinonyx warranted? (25 points)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Characters
Taxon
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12___________
Outgroup
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
P. tigris
1 0
1 1
1 1
1 0
1 0
0 0
P. leo
1 1
1 1
1 1
0 0
0 1
0 0
P. pardus
1 0
1 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
P. concolor
1 1
0 0
0 0
1 1
0 0
1 0
A. jubatus
1 1
0 0
0 0
1 1
0 0
0 1
2. Circle the tree(s) below that do(es) not match the exact set of sister-group relationships (i.e., topology) as depicted in Figure C. (6 points)
3. Fill in the blanks in the following table (1
point each; 15 pts)
________________________School of Thought_______________________
Phenetics
Cladistics
Synthetics
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a. Principal proponent(s) ______________ _______________ _____________
b. Operational basis of
relationship; what
determines relatedness
______________ _______________
_____________
c. Is it numerical? Can
the operational
principles be formulated
in terms of mathematical
algorithms?
______________ _______________
_____________
d. Do its taxonomic
applications reflect
phylogeny?
______________ _______________
_____________
e. Weighting of characters;
how are the characters
evaluated one to another?
______________
_______________ _____________
4. Express the phylogenetic tree below as a formal
classification using traditional Linnaean categories. Assume Tetrapoda
is a "class" and be careful to maintain the relationships illustrated (9
points).
CLASSIFICATION GOES HERE:
5. Transform the multistate characters in the table
below into multiple two-state characters. Then construct a similarity matrix
using the unmatched pair group method. Finally, from the similarity matrix
choose the primary cluster(s). Your measure of similarity is taxonomic
distance. (15 points)
Taxa
characters
A B
C D
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a
1
1 0
0
b
2
3 0
1
c
1
0 0
0
d
1
0 0
3
e
4
0 0
2
f
3
0 0
1
6. Circle the tree(s) below that does not match the exact set of sister-group relationships (topology) as depicted in Figure C. (6 points)
7. Express the following Linnaean hierarchy as a cladogram. Be careful to maintain the original relationships expressed in the hierarchy. (7 points)
Superclass Chrondrichthys
Cladogram goes here
Superclass Teleostomi
Class Actinistia
Class Euosteichthyes
Subclass
Actinopterygii
Subclass
Sarcopterygii
Infraclass Dipnoi
Infraclass Tetrapoda
8. Illustrate below the 4 alternate cladistic hypotheses
that you would have to test with the outgroup Fundulidae and the ingroup
consisting of three genera: Crenichthys, Ilyodon, and Goodea.
(8 points)