COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY

                                                                  Z426

Exam #2: 100 Points

 

Write your name and ID# on the back of the last page of the exam.  You have 55 minutes to complete this exam.  You should have 6 pages; there are 5 questions plus one extra credit question.  Please answer the questions as completely and specifically as you can.  Use the point values assigned to each question as a guide for the level of detail required for what I will consider a complete answer.  Feel free to continue your answers on the back of the pages if necessary.  Good luck!

 

1.       Provide an answer in the space on the left that best fits the description provided on the right. Note whether I am asking for a hormone or neurohormone (2 pts. each).

 

a.                                               Along with thyroid hormones, this protein hormone promotes growth of long bones

 

b.                                               Hormone that promotes growth of testicular seminferous tubules and spermatogenesis

 

c.                                               Tropic hormone that affects the activities of thyroid follicular cells

 

d.                                               Hormone that induces ovulation

 

e.                                               Secreted by ultimobranchial bodies

 

f.                                                Secreted by parafollicular cells

 

g.                                               Hormone that causes bone mineralization

 

h.                                               Hormone that causes bone demineralization

 

I.                                                Hormone that promotes crop-sac growth and secretion in doves, water drive in newts, and molting in reptiles

 

j.                                                Hormone that promotes the secretion of milk into                                                              mammary gland alveoli

 

k.                                         ­­­­­­­­­­      A tropic hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex

 

l.                                                Hormone that promotes the synthesis of melanin

 

m.                                              Loss of the tissues secreting this hormone will result in convulsions, tetany, and death

 

n.                                               Deficiencies in this hormone can cause rickets and osteomalcia

 

o.                                               The primary action of this neurohormone is to stimulate smooth muscle contraction

 

 

 

 

2.       Discuss the direct and indirect actions of PTH and calcitonin on their target tissues (e.g., bone cells, kidney, liver, intestine) and how these actions affect circulating levels of calcium (26 pts.).

 

 

3.       Answer one of the two following questions (18 pts.):

 

Discuss the endocrinology of the growth, development, and function of the mammary gland.

 

Or

 

Growth hormone (GH) acts primarily as a trophic hormone, but it also directly elicits responses in non-endocrine tissues.  Diagram how the “growth” message is ultimately received by tissues directly and indirectly responding to growth hormone, and indicate negative feedback mechanisms controlling GH secretion.
4.       Discuss the etiology, describe the clinical signs, and discuss why the clinical signs differ for Gigantism and Acromegaly (14 pts).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.       Answer one of the two following questions (12 pts.):

 

Discuss evidence indicating differences between the endocrine systems of the American and Mexican axolotls.

 

                                                            OR

 

Describe/discuss how MSH can bring about color changes in the skin of lower vertebrates.