2nd Hour Exam

1. Matching [Supply all possible answers]. 22 points.

_____'lie-in-wait' predators                                                                            A. Umbridae, mudminnows

                                                                                                                       B. Poeciliidae, livebearers

_____regularly gulp atmospheric air                                                              C. Amiidae, bowfins

                                                                                                                        D. Lepisosteidae, gars

_____ recently hatched young school and are                                                 E. Pacific Salmon

guarded by parent(s)                                                                                        F. Anguillidae, eels

_____catadromous                                                                                           G. Trichomycteridae

                                                                                                                         H. Mormyridae

_____"masculinization" may occur                                                                   I. Characidae, tetras

                                                                                                                          J. Gasteropelecidae, hatchet fishes

                                                                                                                          K. Madtoms, Noturus

_____several unisexual "forms" known L. Fathead minnow, Pimephales        M. Esocidae, pikes
 
                                                                                                                          N. Lophiiformes, Anglerfishes
 
                                                                                                                          O. Lebiasinidae, pencil fishes
 
                                                                                                                           P. Amblyopsidae, cavefishes
 
                                                                                                                           Q. Whitefishes, Coregonus
_____one member of family lays eggs on N. Lophiiformes, Anglerfishes
                                                                                                                            R. Sunfishes, Centrarchidae
terrestrial plants

_____anus in jugular position
 
_____the only true "flying" fish

_____contains at least 4 troglobitic species

_____eggs toxic to mammals

_____reported to enter the urethra of humans

_____males attach to females and become permanent sperm-producing parasitoids

_____sneaker and satellite males identified as part of mating system in some species

_____females cluster eggs on the underneath sides of nests guarded by a male

_____return to home stream by means of olfaction

_____leptocephalus larva

_____various presumed "ecophenotypes" known making them among the most taxonomicially difficult fishes in North America

_____most species have an ilicium (fishing pole) and esca (lure)

2. True or False. Place a "T" in the blank if the statement is true, an "F'" if it is false. 21 points.

The Paddlefish (Polyodontidae) is:

_____a member of the catfish family Ictaluridae

_____restricted to a diet of gizzard shad

_____the only extant member of its family

_____stimulated to ascend spawning streams by spring flooding

_____a nest builder

_____stimulated to spawn by olfactory cues released by the male

_____ovoviviparous

_____largely planktivorous

Members of the family Cyprinidae are:

_____restricted to near-shore areas of temperate coastal waters

_____characterized by cycloid scales, pharyngeal teeth in 1-3 rows, an adipose fin

_____known commonly as minnows and suckers

_____a significant ecological link in streams, rivers, and lakes

_____in reality, the young of other fish families

_____the largest family of fishes

_____often adorned with breeding tubercles during the spring months

Livebearers (Poeciliidae) are:

_____endemic to North America

_____characterized by tiny scales, male gonopodium, comblike pharyngeal teeth

_____valuable in the ornamental fish trade and aquaculture

_____known to contain many blind cave-adapted species

_____capable of sperm storage and multiple brood production (superfetation) in one season

_____sometimes involved in gynogenesis

3. Provide an example (common or scientific name) of a minnow (Cyprinidae) species that: 8 points.

a. builds a pebble-mound nest:

b. spawns over nests built by a sunfish species:

c. turns upside down and spawns on the undersides of flat rocks, logs, etc.:

d. spawns in crevices:

4. Provide four (4) characters that could be used to "diagnose" the order Perciformes. 8 points.

a.

b.

c.

d.

5. List and distinguish the four kinds of breeding behavior identified in North American darters. 8 points.

a.

b.

c.

d.

6. For each of the orders listed below indicate whether the group is solely marine, solely freshwater, or includes species in both freshwater and marine habitats (excluding occasional stragglers), and list a common name applied to at least some members of the order (e.g., darters, groupers, catfishes). 24 points.

M, F, or B Common Name

Acipenseriformes ------------- -------------------------------

Anguilliformes ------------- -------------------------------

Clupeiformes ------------- -------------------------------

Osteoglossiformes ------------- -------------------------------

Characiformes ------------- -------------------------------

Salmoniformes ------------- -------------------------------

7. Describe in as much detail as possible the most common nesting behavior of the catfish family Ictaluridae. 9 points.