MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ZOOLOGY 403 -- Natural History of Vertebrates
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ZOOLOGY 403 -- Natural History of Vertebrates
(40) TRUE-FALSE:
_____ Without bacteria creating the light, bioluminescence would not exist in fishes.
_____ Parthenogenesis is known to occur in some fishes, amphibians, and reptiles.
_____ In five-lined skinks, evidence of blue tail coloration indicates the individual is an adult male.
_____ Once sockeye salmon reach sexual maturity at about four years, they usually spawn every year thereafter
for a number of years.
_____ North American salamanders achieve fertilization by the male inserting a spermatophore directly into the
female's cloaca during mating.
_____ Gliding is a means of locomotion for some animals, but not for any present-day amphibians or reptiles.
_____ Benthic marine fish are likely to be captured near the ocean surface far from shore.
_____ Anurans (Salientia) lack a tympanum.
_____ Hatching of tuatara eggs can take as long as 13-15 months.
_____ It is safe to assume that brightly-colored fish, amphibians, and reptiles suffer high predation loss because of
their conspicuousness.
_____ Cottonmouths, copperheads, and boas are unable to forage for prey when it is dark or their vision is otherwise
impaired.
_____ Migration is evident in some amphibians and reptiles but not in fishes.
_____ The lateral line system of fish is never found anterior to the pectoral fins.
_____ Gill raker morphology can help biologists understand the feeding type of some fish.
_____ Metachrosis is the ability of animals to alter their coloration using living color cells.
_____ Parasites are unable to exist on the exterior surface of fish, amphibians, and reptiles; yet internal parasites
are common.
_____ In some fish species alternate reproductive strategies exist within the population; for example, successfully
breeding male bluegill do not necessarily have to be territory holders.
_____ Sexual dimorphism does not occur in any amphibians.
_____ Only one shark species retains the young for internal development; all other sharks lay eggs encased in a
leathery shell.
_____ External fertilization and external development occur in all amphibians except the salamanders.
(20) FILL-IN (Be specific with all answers):
The worm-like group of amphibians that have no limbs are called ______________.
The largest lizard living today is the ________________________________.
The disease of fish called "Ich" is caused by ______________________________.
The otoliths located in the sacculus, utriculus, and lagena of the inner ear function primarily
in _________________________________________
The chromatophore of fish, amphibians, and reptiles that provides yellow coloration is
called __________________________________.
The breeding habitat for the catadromous freshwater eel (Anguilla sp.) is
____________________________________________________.
The electrical field sensory organs located on the ventroanterior surface of sharks, skates,
and rays are called __________________________________________.
Hearing in catfishes and minnows is assisted by a bony network associated with the inner
ear and air bladder; this network is called _______________________________________________________.
A vertebrate species well known for having toxic skin is the ___________________;
whereas a vertebrate species well known for having a poisonous bite is
_____________________________________.
(12) MULTIPLE CHOICE (Choose the one best answer):
_____ In an El Nino year, the waters around the Gal apagos Islands fail to support the normal marine algae and
other oceanic plants, yet land plants florish. This causes a decline in the food base of the 1) Galapagos land
tortoises, 2) Galapagos marine iguana, 3) Galapagos sea snakes; 4) all of the above, 5) none of the above.
_____ Concertina locomotion is most likely to occur in: 1) caimans, 2) uropeltid snakes, 3) iguanids, 4) sea
turtles, 5) chameleons.
_____ Reproduction in fish can be: 1) parthenogenetic, 2) hermaphroditic, 3) bisexual, 4) all of the above,
5) none of the above.
_____ Auditory communication is possible in: 1) bullfrog, 2) geckos, 3) gaff-topsail catfish, 4) all of the above,
5) none of the above.
_____ Ichthyology is the study of: 1) marine fossils, 2) ichthyosaurs, 3) vertebrate systematics, 4) vertebrate
diseases, 5) none of the above.
_____ Life span would likely be longest in: 1) great white shark, 2) green iguana, 3) alpine newt, 4) goliath frog,
5) Galapagos tortoise.
(18) MATCHING (Choose the one best answer):
_____ Nurse shark 1. Crocodilia
2. Agnatha
_____ Five-lined skink 3. Gymnophiona
4. Sauria (Lacertilia)
_____ Tiger salamander 5. Chondrichthyes
6. Anura (Salientia)
_____ Tuatara 7. Rhynchocephalia
8. Testudines (Chelonia)
_____ Mose's sole 9. Caudata (Urodela)
10. Osteichthyes
_____ Caecilian 11. Serpentes (Ophidia)
12. Eyelid-like Structure
_____ Intromittent organ of snakes 13. Amplexus
14. Nuptial Turbercles
_____ Wart-like growths on some fish 15. Hemipenes
16. Pineal End Organ
_____ Frog disease 17. Red Leg
18. Ctenoid
19. Carapace
20. Plastron
(10) ESSAY (Use complete sentences):
1. Cite and describe a specific example of parental care for each of the following:
A fish --
A frog or toad --
A reptile --
2. Describe the life history of the slimy salamander beginning with the egg and proceeding
through the life of an individual, ending with reproduction by the adult. Use
complete sentences.
Zool 403 home page
Instructor's home page
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URL: http://www.science.siu.edu/zoology/zool403/exam1.html
Last updated: 4-Jan-02 / ghw